Descriptive Statistics

Whether you're a student just getting started or an analyst revisiting the fundamentals, these 16 essential tools cover everything you need to make sense of your data — from finding the centre of a dataset with the Mean or Median, to measuring spread with Standard Deviation and IQR, to pinpointing exactly where a value sits using Z-scores, Percentiles, and Quartiles. Each tool is a building block: master these and you'll have a solid foundation for any statistical analysis.